Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Deep brain stimulation effects on cortical activity across frequency bands and contact locations

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.18.25331716

Figure Lengend Snippet: Panels A–D show electrode trajectories; panels E–H depict active contacts for all patients. Structures of interest include the GPi (green) and subdivisions of the STN: motor (orange), sensorimotor (blue), and limbic (yellow). Views are presented from the posterior (A, E) , superior (B, F) , left lateral (C, G) , and right lateral (D, H) perspectives. Panels A, D, E, G , and H display both axial and coronal slices, whereas panels B, C , and F show axial slices only. Electrodes are color-coded by target group: blue for those located within the motor STN (m-STN IN), pink for electrodes adjacent to the motor STN (m-STN ADJ), and gray for electrodes outside the STN target (OFF-Target).

Article Snippet: A wireless EEG headset with dry electrodes (DSI-7, Wearable Sensing) was used to record 6-channel EEG (F3, C3, P3, F4, C4 and P4 of the 10-20 international system, with Pz as reference and Fz as ground) at 300Hz.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Optical defocus affects differently ON and OFF visual pathways

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112500

Figure Lengend Snippet: Human cortical responses show a preference for small dark stimuli and large light surfaces (A) Human cortical responses to the onset of dark (blue) and light (red) checkerboards (0.5 s, midgray background) measured with electroencephalography. Each row illustrates a different observer (LB, MA, RN, EL) and each column a different check size (from 0.14 to 4.48°). (B) Size tuning for dark and light checkerboard stimuli calculated as the maximum minus minimum response between 50 and 200 ms after response onset (25–75 repeats). (C) Average ( n = 18) normalized cortical responses to dark (blue) and light stimuli (red) with different sizes (left). (D) Normalized dark minus light response. Top cartoons: small stimuli drive OFF pathways better (left) because light stimuli are more expanded by neuronal blur within the suppressive receptive field flanks. Large surfaces drive ON pathways better because OFF pathways have strong surround suppression.

Article Snippet: Custom dry electrode wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) system (DSI-7-Flex) , Wearable Sensing , N/A.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Optical defocus affects differently ON and OFF visual pathways

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112500

Figure Lengend Snippet: Defocus tuning of ON and OFF pathways in human visual cortex (A) Human cortical responses to the onset of dark (blue) and light (red) checkerboards measured with electroencephalography under different levels of optical defocus induced with contact lenses (0.28° checks, 1.8 cpd). Each row illustrates an observer (LB, RN, EL, MA, AA, SP) and each column a level of optical defocus (from −5 to +5 diopters). We show the 6 out of 10 observers that best represent the spectrum of individual differences. (B) Defocus tuning for dark (blue) and light (red) stimuli calculated as the maximum minus minimum response between 50 and 200 ms after stimulus onset. (C) Average ( n = 10) normalized cortical responses to dark and light stimuli measured with different levels of optical defocus (top) and the normalized OFF minus ON response (magenta, bottom). Response amplitude is calculated as in (B). ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 (Wilcoxon tests). Error bars indicate ±SEM.

Article Snippet: Custom dry electrode wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) system (DSI-7-Flex) , Wearable Sensing , N/A.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Optical defocus affects differently ON and OFF visual pathways

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112500

Figure Lengend Snippet: Human cortical responses show a preference for small dark stimuli and large light surfaces (A) Human cortical responses to the onset of dark (blue) and light (red) checkerboards (0.5 s, midgray background) measured with electroencephalography. Each row illustrates a different observer (LB, MA, RN, EL) and each column a different check size (from 0.14 to 4.48°). (B) Size tuning for dark and light checkerboard stimuli calculated as the maximum minus minimum response between 50 and 200 ms after response onset (25–75 repeats). (C) Average ( n = 18) normalized cortical responses to dark (blue) and light stimuli (red) with different sizes (left). (D) Normalized dark minus light response. Top cartoons: small stimuli drive OFF pathways better (left) because light stimuli are more expanded by neuronal blur within the suppressive receptive field flanks. Large surfaces drive ON pathways better because OFF pathways have strong surround suppression.

Article Snippet: Human cortical responses were measured with a custom dry electrode wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) system (Wearable Sensing DSI-7-Flex, San Diego, CA) that allowed us to sample the human visual cortex with the same density than a 128-channel EEG.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Optical defocus affects differently ON and OFF visual pathways

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112500

Figure Lengend Snippet: Defocus tuning of ON and OFF pathways in human visual cortex (A) Human cortical responses to the onset of dark (blue) and light (red) checkerboards measured with electroencephalography under different levels of optical defocus induced with contact lenses (0.28° checks, 1.8 cpd). Each row illustrates an observer (LB, RN, EL, MA, AA, SP) and each column a level of optical defocus (from −5 to +5 diopters). We show the 6 out of 10 observers that best represent the spectrum of individual differences. (B) Defocus tuning for dark (blue) and light (red) stimuli calculated as the maximum minus minimum response between 50 and 200 ms after stimulus onset. (C) Average ( n = 10) normalized cortical responses to dark and light stimuli measured with different levels of optical defocus (top) and the normalized OFF minus ON response (magenta, bottom). Response amplitude is calculated as in (B). ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 (Wilcoxon tests). Error bars indicate ±SEM.

Article Snippet: Human cortical responses were measured with a custom dry electrode wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) system (Wearable Sensing DSI-7-Flex, San Diego, CA) that allowed us to sample the human visual cortex with the same density than a 128-channel EEG.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports

Article Title: Study on cognitive impairment evaluation based on photoelectric neural information

doi: 10.1177/25424823251325537

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Experimental program. (b) Schematic diagram of fNIRS channel and EEG electrode arrangement. Cyan balls are fNIRS channels and orange balls are EEG electrodes. Brain model from BrianNet Viewer.

Article Snippet: A dry electrode EEG device (DSI-7, Wearable Sensing, USA) was used for signal acquisition.

Techniques: